Factors Affecting the Adoption of e-Government in Public Sector Organizations of Kurdistan Region
Government
institutions digitalization is an important element of development in advanced
systems. The adoption of e-Government has great potential for the effective
interaction between citizens and policymakers. The trends for development and
digitalization of governmental activities raised the necessity for the adoption
of the e-government in public sector institutions. The key factors affecting
the adoption of e-government in the Kurdistan Region have been investigated in
this study. The study has also been made to highlight obstacles that limited
government capability to elude the paper-based system and to measure the extent
of public support in approaching the new administration, which sought to be a
pre-condition for its successful implementation. The exploratory research
design has been used and data has been collected through a questionnaire. Four
key factors that affect the implementation of e-government in public sector
organizations of Kurdistan Region have been identified: motivational factor,
personal factor, technical factor and reliability factor. All factors have a
positive connection with e-government adoption, but they are not equally
influencing the process of its implementation. The motivational factor is more
effective compared to other factors due to the perceived benefits of the system
to the citizens, but the personal factor has the least impact on the adoption
of e-government. It has been determined by the study that citizens appreciate
the perceived values created by the e-government as it minimizes routines and
inefficiency of public administration that burden their resources.
In this globalized
scenario, the overall performance of the manufacturing industries is the
backbone of the development of the countries’ economies. In this research, the
authors’ main objective of the study is to segment the manufacturing industries
by using the triangular interval-valued fuzzy TOPSIS Method and find out the
factors determining its performance. The researchers have collected the data
from 350 manufacturing industries located in Puducherry, India. They applied a
Simple Random sampling method by using a structured questionnaire from
manufacturing industries. To analyze the data, the researchers used software
packages like Excel, SPSS and LISREL 8.72. The researchers applied Confirmatory
Factor Analysis, Triangular Interval-Valued Fuzzy TOPSIS Method, Chi square and
Correspondent Analysis to conclude the result. Based on the factors loadings of
the items, the contribution made by the items in respect of Performance may be
ranked as Sales growth, Market share, Profit margin and Return on investment.
With the help of Triangular Interval-Valued Fuzzy TOPSIS Method researchers
segmented the manufacturing industries into three groups and by using the Chi
square analysis the researchers found that the five demographics
characteristics like Number of years in Business (Company), Scale of industry,
Kind of manufacturing, Number of employees and location of the production plant
of the respondents and these are significantly associated with segmenting the
manufacturing industries and determine the performance of manufacturing
industries.
Intellectual capital is an important dimension of entrepreneurship
orientation that highly contributes to the performance of small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The measurements of intellectual capital are
more concerned with employees’ knowledge, trademarks, patents, compensation, and
rewards. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge
management and organizational performance among Malaysian food and beverage
SMEs. It also identifies whether or not protecting patents and trademarks
positively contributes to organizational performance. The primary data was
collected through the quantitative method and 262 questionnaires administered
within food and Beverage SMEs in the Malaysian State of Selangor. The findings
indicated a positive relationship between knowledge management and
organizational performances. Good management of employees’ knowledge adds value
to the firms and makes them competitive in the market economy. Apart from
knowledge, the study found that protecting patents and trademarks can
positively contribute to the performance of SMEs. Also, the study identified
moderate positive correlations between compensation and reward with
organizational performance. To improve the performance of the firms, SMEs has
to adopt effective techniques such as compensation and reward that encourage
employees to sincerely perform their tasks and utilize their knowledge and
effort for the purpose of profit maximization.
The style of leadership is important to organizational job performance. This study intends to investigate the leading style of leadership, which has a greater impacts on organizational job performance. It also studies the relationship between four common leadership styles including democratic, autocratic, charismatic, and transformational leadership on the organizational job performance in public sector organizations. The data was collected by using quantitative methods and the result was obtained upon 90 respondents. The findings indicate a significant relationship between charismatic leadership, transformational leadership, and organizational job performance. However, democratic leadership was found to have an insignificant but positive relationship with organizational performance. Autocratic leadership is also found to have a negative and insignificant relationship with organizational job performance as employees have the least saying and leaders using coercion and enforce their decision on employees without their participation. The study also indicated that charismatic leadership has the most effective effects on organizational job performance followed by the transformational leadership style. Democratic leadership has the least contribution to organizational job performance. This study helps public sector organizations in Kurdistan Region to enhance productivity, satisfaction, and commitment of the employees that together maintain organizational job performances.
Impacts of Public Participation on Public Budgeting Process of Kurdistan
This study examines the relationship between approaches of public participation and capital budgeting process. The objective of this study is to determine factors that have caused the lack of public deliberation in Kurdistan budgeting system. It also aims to identify the impacts of deliberation, communication, and information in capital budgeting process. The study administered 465 questionnaires and interviewed 11 budget experts and government officials. The correlation coefficient and regression analysis used to examine relationships. The findings indicated strong positive correlations between deliberation, communication, information and capital budgeting process. The regression analyses demonstrated a unique significant contribution of public participation in capital budgeting process. This study revealed the leading factors that caused lack of deliberation embraces money shortages, political parties interference, corruption, weakness of civil society organizations, lack of trust, and the deployment of classical financial system. The study also revealed that budget communication effectively stimulates capital budgeting process. Additionally, access to budget information promotes good governance, minimizes corruption and the misuse of public budget. It also facilitates the implementations of other participatory approaches and creates an informed and active citizenry. To alleviate public dissatisfaction, service problems, corruption, illegitimate budget decisions, and the misuse of public budget, the Kurdistan government must involve citizens in decisions making through informed, deliberative, and consultative programs.
The role of foreign direct investment in developing Kurdistan's economy
The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Kurdistan economic development. The main objective of this study is to analyze the FDI policy of host country (KR) in order to attract FDI from various sources to invest in Kurdistan. Among the largest investors are Turkey, the Gulf States and the USA. USA has been the largest investor in oil and gas exploration while Turkey and the Gulf States are the largest investors in non-oil sectors. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Primary data was generated from officials and companies interviews and secondary was collected from various sources of government publications. The study found that FDI has contributed several impacts on economic development of Kurdistan. Those impacts can be identified as employment generation, capital formation, human capital accumulation and management know-how. These are very important ingredients for future economic development in Kurdistan. The study found also some difficulties from the host country perspective with regard to promotion of FDI in Kurdistan. Policy recommendations are given in this study in order to improve the government policies regarding incentives, maximization of positive impacts of FDI to national economic development and long term sustainability of economic growth.
Investigating Research and Development Costs on the Profitability of Iranian Industries
The Main Objective of This Paper Is to Investigate the Effects of Market Share, R&D and Advertising Expenditures on Iranian Industries Profitability’s Over the Period Of 2016. For This Purpose, The Main Model Has Been Estimated By Using Of Rank Regression Approach. The Main Findings Of This Paper Reveal That All Variables Have Positive And Significant Effects On The Profitability Of Iranian Industries. Moreover The Results Indicate That The Effect Of Market Share On Profitability Of Industries Is More Than Of Other Explanatory Variables. Hence The Main Implication Policy Of This Study Is That The Policy Makers Should Be Encourages The Investment Plans For Improving Market Share And Other Applicable Researches In The Industry Sector For The Enhance Of Industry Profitability.
Investigating the Limitations of Integrated Tasks on Youth Entrepreneurship in Kurdistan Region
Annotation: The authors examined the importance of integrated tasks of entrepreneurship among young individuals in Kurdistan. The study aimed to evaluate the level of youth understanding of entrepreneurship. The data was collected from 242 youth and the frequencies have been used to measure the weights of the tasks from the youth perspective. The authors found ideas, training, knowledge, competencies, and skills are sufficiently important to youth entrepreneurship success. The study also indicated that young individuals in Kurdistan Region are not aware of the entrepreneurship dimensions as the tasks, but they still found it as an integrated part of entrepreneurship. The lack of creativity, initiative, and innovation among youth is found to be associated with poor quality of youth in identifying opportunities and risk–taking due to the lack of understanding and knowledge as pre–conditions to the business start–up.
The impact of Human resource management practice on
Organizational performance
The present research studies the impact of human resource management on the performance of government institutions. In a rapidly changing economic environment, characterized by trends such as, globalization, rising demands of investors and customers, along with increasing products in the market competition, the Government institutions continuously try to progress their performance by minimizing expenses, renewing products and procedures, and improving quality in order to compete and continue in the environment. A quantitative research method utilized to analyze the current study. The Sample Size selected for this study is 240 respondents. The findings revealed that all hypotheses were rejected except fifth hypothesis which stated that ‘’Decentralization is positively associated with organizational performance’’. Thus, it was concluded that decentralization have a positive association with the organizational performance.
The impact of staff training and development on teachers’
productivity
Training and Development has always been a
driving force for enhancing the teachers’ productivity and performance. A
training and development program provided by the employer is a sincere effort
to provide opportunities to the employees to be acquainted with the variety of
skills, information, attitude and conduct. With the evergrowing needs of modern
education system, the education industry has to become more techno savvy,
dynamic and updated. There is always requirement of skillful and talented
manpower to take up this education industry to the heights of international
standards. The primary objective of this research paper is to investigate the
impact of staff training and development on their productivity and performance in
classroom teaching and in their administrative work as well. It can also be
viewed as on their overall productivity. The data collected was through
structured questionnaire. 58 teachers were interviewed through the
questionnaire. Statistical Software (SPSS Version 16) was used for analyzing
the data. The study concludes that there exist positive and strong relations
between training and development and productivity of the teachers of Kurdistan.
The study further concluded stating positive correlation between productivity
and other independent factors like Skills, Expertise, Morale, Enhancement,
Potential, Job Knowledge and Proficiency. Technical/Technology training is the
most suitable training program for the teachers of this region.
This study assesses the satisfaction level of national and international tourists towards natural sightseeing spots in the Kurdistan Region. The study employed structured questionnaires administered personally to 312 tourists who visited the region. After applying the statistical tools of Cronbach alpha test, Descriptive statistics, Cluster analysis, Chi-square analysis and Correspondence analysis on the collected data, results revealed that the People factor is the most important factor influencing satisfaction of tourists towards their tourism experience in the Kurdistan Region. This was followed by accommodation and food, climate and image, expenses, and facilities. Furthermore, the level of satisfaction is significantly associated with the gender of travelers, the type of tourism, and the origin of tourists and it was found not to be associated with either age or education.
The use of deliberative democracy in public policy making process
This paper intends to highlight the intensity of the use of deliberative democracy in the policy-making process. It assists policymakers to understand the significance of deliberative democracy and the preliminary conditions to conduct effective and successful deliberation for the purpose of producing best quality decisions. This paper stressed the relationship between deliberation and citizen's satisfaction of government decisions. It indicated that deliberative democracy helps citizens to directly influence on the quality of the decision and better represent their preferences by proposing their agenda and views on policy alternatives and issues. Deliberative democracy is a technique that stabilizes citizens' interests by diminishing domination, despotism, and better assessing public choices. This paper found that deliberation legitimizes government decisions and maximizes the outcome of the policies. This article defined several advantages of deliberative democracy in the public policy making process which pursues equality, mutual interest; reason based discussion, public goods, the decision focused and agreement on disputed preferences. It also concluded that deliberative democracy facilitates free and fair participation and creating opportunity for discussion and information sharing between participants prior to the implementation process of government policies.
The Contribution of Human Capital Investment in the
Growth of East Asian Economy–A Literature Review
Human capital as the wealth of nation supports the economy in a variety of ways. This study intended to elucidate the significance of education, technology utilization and health investment in economic affluence of East Asia. The finding shows a significant relationship between human capital investment and economic growth in East Asia. Human capital investment has become an essential tool to determine nations productivity in both, micro and macro level. The findings come across to assume that, in order to be successful, HC investment through the improvement of technology, education and health system must be cautiously considered in any endeavor towards economic development and sustainability. The study concluded that a person with poor health, lack of knowledge or vocational training will offer less, theoretically, than a person who has been specifically trained or who has attained a higher level of education.
Access to Government Information in
Public Policy Making Process: A Case Study of Kurdistan
Abstract Information disclosure is a key principle of democratic and legitimate governance. It is an inevitable need for improving public policy decisions and stimulating citizen's awareness to collectively produce high quality decisions. The purpose of this study is to determine the scope of openness in Kurdistan's public sector organizations. It also intends to identify the kind of information that citizens want to access. This article found that the information provided by the government is incomplete, inaccurate, untimely and inaccessible. The finding emphasizes that government failed to disseminate information on policy intentions. The study stressed that information on budgeting is more favorite by respondents.
The effect of ATM Service Quality on
Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: An Empirical Analysis
Technology has made the life faster and easier. With the growth of technology, every sector has upgraded them to be competitive in the market. With the introduction of latest technology, customer satisfaction comes into picture. Banks are also using technology for satisfying the customers. The bank offers various services to their customer to satisfy them. Automated Teller Machine (ATM) services if one of them. Customer satisfaction is the prime objective of Banks. This research work is aspiring to examine the ramification of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) service qualities on overall customer satisfaction. Survey method was used to collect data. Information from 211 ATM users was collected from different places of Kurdistan region using a structured questionnaire. A pilot survey was conducted to ensure all dimensions meets to its objectives of research. SPSS-22 was used for analyzing the data. To recognize the service quality components of ATM and their association with overall customer satisfaction descriptive analysis, correlation and coefficient and regression test and ANOVA test were used. Results indicates that majority of dimensions are significantly correlated with overall customer satisfaction. At the end, few recommendations were made for improvement of ATM service quality.
Chinese Economic Activities and Interests in Developing
Countries
The economic interest and activities of China has rapidly increased in developing countries since the economic reform of 1978. Chinese firms actively emerged in the Latin America and African market and challenged giant American and European companies. This paper aims to provide an insight of Chinese role and interests in poor and developing countries and why they prefer to work in these problematic areas. It also intends to indicate the side effects of Chinese economic activities in Latin and African countries. The findings of this study indicate that Chinese activities in developing countries are based on national interests, rather than friendship and solidarity. Therefore, motives of natural resources have far pushed China to pursue its interests in developing region to sustain its economy. The overall Chinese economic activities have brought positive changes to those nations and significantly contributed to economic and infrastructure development. This paper also found that Chinese firm emerged to be more successful and welcomed by the government and the people of the poor, marginalized countries compared to American and Europeans due to its unique economic characteristics, principles of none-state intervention and unconditional economic operations.
Analytical review on competitive
priorities for operations under manufacturing firms
Purpose: To developed and introduced a
measurement scale that may be useful to assess the competitive priorities
practices in the manufacturing industries. The objective is to investigate the
competitive priorities domains’ implementation and its defining measurement
items emphasizing manufacturing industries in the Union Territory of
Puducherry.
Design/methodology/approach: The essential
information has been gathered from 350 manufacturing firms by utilizing very
much stretchered polls; most part of the data was gathered from best dimension
working people like Operations Managers, General Managers and Directors. For
analyzing the data the researchers used SPSS and LISREL 8.72 software packages.
To find out the result the researchers applied Confirmatory Factor Analysis in
this research work.
Findings: From the six domains analyzed the
result shows that Delivery plays an important role as it occupies the first
rank among the domains in competitive priority. Next to Delivery, the majority
of the firms fasten more importance to Quality as it ranks second. Cost is
ranked as third, while Know-how is ranked as fourth, Flexibility is ranked as
fifth and Customer Focus is ranked as sixth.
Practical implications: Based on the
existing recommendations on scale development literature, authors developed the
measurement scale. This measurement scale is helpful for both academicians and
practitioners. In this research work authors used the measurement scale to
measure the competitive priorities domains.
Originality/value: The research paper explains about the manufacturing industries situated in Union Territory of Puducherry.
This research paper discover the relationship among analytical competency of SCOR model-plan, source, make and deliver areas on supply chain management performance using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Research design adopted in the research is descriptive in nature and sample of 31 different industries across India are collected using structured questionnaire. The results shows that statistically significant causal relationship exist among analytical competency and performance, particularly analytics of deliver area have the biggest impact on supply chain performance of the organization.
The conceptual assessment of Malaysian entrepreneurship
environment and EO economic contribution
Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a strategy of the organization that increasingly changes the outcome of their performances. This study intended to examine the economic outcome of the entrepreneurial orientation. It also tried to explain how government and the perceived environment impacts on the business organizations to successfully applying EO dimensions. The study found that applying EO in the business organizations less contributed to the economic growth of Malaysia comparing to other countries. The study also found that Malaysian government and private institution offered supportive programs to transfer the attitude and traits of the firms towards the application of the EO. The repayment of the loans is found to be an issue to government and private institutions to maintain their supports. The perceived environment, entrepreneurial knowledge and the attitude of entrepreneurs are a key factors of the successful application of EO dimensions.
Brand Aesthetics of Ponlait Dairy
Product on Consumer Purchase Decisions in Pondicherry
In the globalized market scenario product
designs and aesthetics are increasingly being used as factors that can
differentiate products from their competitors. The main objective of the study
is to examine the brand aesthetic visual elements especially the logo, labeling, and
color of the Ponlait dairy product that is the most appealing to customers towards
which they are attracted while purchasing the product. By using questionnaires
the researchers collected data from 250 respondents and applied a simple random
sampling method to collect the data. By using Chi-Square analysis, the result
shows that there are few associations between the demographic variables like
age, gender, financial family status, and employment on the cluster variables
like labeling and color but not in the logo. Overall the result illustrates that
among the brand aesthetic visual elements in Ponlait diary product, labeling
attracts more people than others.
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